Explanation:

CloudHub, part of MuleSoft's Anypoint Platform, is an example of a Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering. PaaS provides a cloud-based platform that allows developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without dealing with the complexities of maintaining the underlying infrastructure. CloudHub provides the necessary tools and services to develop and deploy Mule applications and APIs in the cloud, offering features such as scalability, high availability, monitoring, and management. This allows developers to focus on writing code and developing applications rather than managing servers and infrastructure.

References

MuleSoft CloudHub Documentation

Overview of Cloud Computing Service Models

Explanation

Key to this question lies in the fact that Process API are not meant to be accessed directly by clients. Lets analyze options one by one. Client ID enforcement : This is applied at process API level generally to ensure that identity of API clients is always known and available for API-based analytics Rate Limiting : This policy is applied on Process Level API to secure API's against degradation of service that can happen in case load received is more than it can handle Custom circuit breaker : This is also quite useful feature on process level API's as it saves the API client the wasted time and effort of invoking a failing API. JSON threat protection : This policy is not required at Process API and rather implemented as Experience API's. This policy is used to safeguard application from malicious attacks by injecting malicious code in JSON object. As ideally Process API's are never called from external world , this policy is never used on Process API's Hence correct answer is JSON threat protection MuleSoft Documentation Reference : https://docs.mulesoft.com/api-manager/2.x/policy-mule3-json-threat

Explanation

Correct answer is MuleSoft-hosted Anypoint Platform control plane Customer-hosted runtime plane in each datacenter There are two things to note about the question which can help us figure out correct answer.. * Business data must be exchanged over these private network connections which means we can not use MuleSoft provided Cloudhub option. So we are left with either customer hosted runtime in external cloud provider or customer hosted runtime in their own premises. As customer does not use AWS at the moment. Hence that don't have the immediate option of using Customer-hosted runtime plane in multiple AWS regions. hence the most suitable option for runtime plane is Customer-hosted runtime plane in each datacenter * Metadata has no limitation to reside in organization premises. Hence for control plane MuleSoft hosted Anypoint platform can be used as a strategic solution.

Hybrid is the best choice to start. Mule hosted Control plane and Customer hosted Runtime to start with.Once they mature in cloud migration, everything can be in Mule hosted.

Explanation:

To efficiently handle the invocation of vendor applications and retry requests that generate timeout errors, the most performant way is:

Scatter-Gather Scope: Use a Scatter-Gather scope to invoke each vendor application in parallel. This approach allows the API to send requests to both vendors simultaneously, reducing overall processing time.

Until-Successful Scope: Inside each route of the Scatter-Gather scope, use an Until-Successful scope to handle retries. The Until-Successful scope will retry the request in case of timeout errors until the request succeeds or the maximum retry limit is reached.

This combination ensures that the API can handle intermittent network issues efficiently while minimizing redundant transactions and maximizing performance.

References

MuleSoft Documentation on Scatter-Gather Scope
MuleSoft Documentation on Until-Successful Scope and Error Handling

Explanation:

In a typical REST request, the order of interaction is:

API Client: The client initiates the request to access data or functionality exposed by the API. API Interface: This represents the contract or the definition of the API, often specified in OpenAPI or RAML. It defines the endpoints, request/response formats, and other API details. API Implementation: This is the actual backend logic that processes the request and returns the response. It interacts with databases, other services, or performs business logic to fulfill the request.

References:

Understanding REST APIs

API Design and Implementation

Explanation

Correct answer is Perform all communication involving service S synchronously from within the For Each scope, so objects in RESP are in the exact same order as request objects in REQU Explanation : Using Anypoint MQ, you can create two types of queues: Standard queue These queues don’t guarantee a specific message order. Standard queues are the best fit for applications in which messages must be delivered quickly. FIFO (first in, first out) queue These queues ensure that your messages arrive in order. FIFO queues are the best fit for applications requiring strict message ordering and exactly-once delivery, but in which message delivery speed is of less importance Use of FIFO queue is no where in the option and also it decreased throughput. Similarly persistent object store is not the preferred solution approach when you maximizing message throughput. This rules out one of the options. Scatter Gather does not support ObjectStore. This rules out one of the options. Standard Anypoint MQ queues don’t guarantee a specific message order hence using another for each block to collect response wont work as requirement here is to ensure the order. Hence considering all the above factors the feasible approach is Perform all communication involving service S synchronously from within the For Each scope, so objects in RESP are in the exact same order as request objects in REQU

Explanation:

Both Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and API-led connectivity emphasize the principle of service reusability. This principle involves designing services and APIs in a way that they can be reused across different applications and use cases, reducing redundancy and improving efficiency. By creating reusable services, organizations can accelerate development, maintain consistency, and reduce costs associated with developing and maintaining multiple similar services.

References:

MuleSoft's API-led Connectivity Approach

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Principles

Explanation:

When an API client makes an HTTP request to an API gateway with an Accept header containing the value "application/json", the valid HTTP response payload should be in JSON format. The correct JSON format for indicating a healthy status is {"status": "healthy"}. This format uses a JSON object with a key-value pair where the key is "status" and the value is "healthy".

Other options provided are not valid JSON responses:

healthy is XML format.

status('healthy') and status: healthy are not valid JSON syntax.

References

HTTP Content Negotiation and Accept Headers

JSON Formatting and Syntax Rules

Explanation

Correct answer is Untill Successful scope can be implemented while calling backend API's The Until Successful scope repeatedly triggers the scope's components (including flow references) until they all succeed or until a maximum number of retries is exceeded The scope provides option to control the max number of retries and the interval between retries The scope can execute any sequence of processors that may fail for whatever reason and may succeed upon retry

Explanation

* HTTP/1.1 keeps all requests and responses in plain text format.

* HTTP/2 uses the binary framing layer to encapsulate all messages in binary format, while still maintaining HTTP semantics, such as verbs, methods, and headers. It came into use in 2015, and offers several methods to decrease latency, especially when dealing with mobile platforms and server-intensive graphics and videos

* Currently, Mule application can have API policies only for Mule application that accepts requests over HTTP/1x

Explanation:

In an HTTP/1.1-compliant web service, the class of HTTP response status codes that indicates successful client requests is the 2xx class. These status codes signify that the client's request was successfully received, understood, and accepted by the web service. Common 2xx status codes include:

200 OK: The request was successful.

201 Created: The request was successful and a new resource was created.

202 Accepted: The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing is not yet complete.

Other status code classes like 3xx (redirection), 4xx (client errors), and 5xx (server errors) indicate different types of responses and do not signify successful request processing.

References

IETF RFC 2616: HTTP/1.1 Specification

HTTP Status Code Definitions

Explanation:

Reference: [Reference: https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.2.x/spring-framework-reference/html/integration-testing.html , , , ]