A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, presents with a positive pregnancy test. Her previous pregnancy was associated with preeclampsia, and she delivered a 1000 g boy at 34 weeks' gestation. Her blood pressure is 130/86 mm Hg. Which one of the following is the best recommendation for this pregnancy?
A. Genetic assessment and counseling.
B. Amniocentesis for karyotyping.
C. Accurate dating by ultrasound.
D. Complete bed rest starting at 20 weeks' gestation.
E. Prophylactic labetalol.
A 77-year-old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance because she has severe heel ulcers and dehydration. Her husband reports that she has been sick for the past 6 to 8 weeks with a cough and congestion. He shares that he has tried to bring her to medical attention on several occasions, but she refused. The paramedics reported that her bed at home was soiled and that they could hardly reach her room due to clutter. On questioning, her answers seem reasonable. Which one of the following is the most critical next step?
A. Assess the patient’s decision-making ability
B. Find out whether the husband has a criminal record
C. Obtain pictures to confirm the state of their house
D. Determine whether the patient has alcohol or substance use disorder
E. Assess the risk of financial abuse by her husband
A 16-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 12-hour history of fever
and rigors. He has sickle cell anemia. On examination, his vital signs include the following:
Heart rate
110/min (60–100)
Respiratory rate
20/min (12–18)
Temperature
38.8 °C, oral (36.5–37.5)
Which one of the following places this patient at risk for sepsis?
A. Functional asplenia
B. Neutrophil dysfunction
C. Immunoglobulin deficiency
D. Chronic anemia
E. Systemic iron overload
A 45-year-old man presents to your family practice for follow-up because he has had repeated transient ischemic attacks and had been advised not to drive. During the interview, you find out that he is still driving. He explains that he only drives to the grocery store and his wife, who also has a driver's license, is always a passenger with him. He insists he can drive. You think that he should no longer be driving a car. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A. Communicate your concerns to the motor vehicle licensing authority.
B. Discuss this further with him.
C. Physically take away his license.
D. Refuse to treat him further unless he stops driving.
E. Consult a neurologist to assess whether the patient is fit to drive.
A 28-year-old woman presents to the office in great distress because she has no money for groceries or rent. She is a single mother of a 7-year-old girl. She has a history of gambling disorder. She has felt unable to cope for the last 3 months and has started gambling again. Today, she is crying, and she shares that her boyfriend became violent with her yesterday. Which one of the following is the highest priority for assessment?
A. Evaluate for depression.
B. Screen for recreational drug and alcohol use.
C. Define the extent of the patient's gambling disorder.
D. Determine the risk of violence to the patient and her child.
E. Investigate the patient's need for financial assistance.
A. Duodenum
B. Ileum
C. Jejunum
D. Esophagus
E. Stomach
You are following an otherwise healthy 3-month-old girl whose severe bilateral sensorineural deafness was diagnosed after early identification through a universal newborn hearing screening program. She has reached the developmental milestones for her age and has no features of an underlying syndrome. There is no family history of hearing loss. The parents request information on the speech and language prognosis for their daughter. Which one of the following is the most appropriate response?
A. Sign language and a school for the hearing impaired will be needed.
B. Significant limitation in expressive and receptive speech should be expected.
C. Long-term literacy is likely to be limited to a grade 4 level.
D. Most children with this condition learn to hear and speak fluently with appropriate early intervention.
E. The prognosis is unpredictable and not well known.
A surgical clinic would like to respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action report. The clinic has implemented a mandatory cultural safety course for all employees and ongoing faculty development that includes teachings from Elders and Knowledge Keepers and teaching sessions about harm reduction, traumainformed care, and antiracism. Which one of the following steps would further the clinic's goal of responding to this report?
A. Evaluate how the staff enjoyed the teaching session.
B. Provide clinic information in the languages spoken by the community.
C. Display the cultural safety certificate in the waiting room.
D. Include trauma disclosure on the clinic's intake form.
You are providing medical care to a 78-year-old man and notice a skin lesion which you suspect is malignant melanoma. He has been living in a long-term care facility for 2 years because of incontinence, mobility and vision problems. He is well-liked by facility staff and residents, manages his own affairs and communicates clearly. He has designated his daughter to be his substitute decision-maker and has signed a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. Which one of the following is the best next step in providing care to this patient for his skin lesion?
A. Ask him whether you can discuss your diagnosis and care with his daughter.
B. Discuss your tentative diagnosis with him and ask about his preferences regarding investigations.
C. Contact the daughter to inform her of your findings and discuss possible investigations.
D. Perform a biopsy to ensure an accurate diagnosis before discussing diagnosis and treatment.
E. Respect his DNR wishes, and do nothing about the skin lesion.
A 2-month-old infant is brought by his parents to your clinic with concerns regarding his frequent crying spells. He has been crying for more than 3 hours daily for many weeks. The infant has reached all age-specific developmental milestones. Which one of the following is the most important to share with the parents regarding this situation?
A. This is a self-limited condition
B. Resolution of the crying spells is expected between ages 6 and 12 months
C. Investigations are required to confirm a diagnosis
D. Most infants respond well to low-dose sedative medications
E. There is an increased risk for dependent personality traits in adulthood
A 42-year-old businessman known to have type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease is admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndrome. He admits to drinking 4 beers a day for the last 6 years and to binge drinking twice a year when his school buddies are in town. Your chart review reveals that he had a seizure secondary to alcohol withdrawal during his last admission. Which one of the following elements of his history puts him at highest risk of having another such seizure?
A. The quantity of alcohol he consumes daily.
B. His medical comorbidities.
C. His previous episode of alcohol withdrawal.
D. His binge drinking.
E. The number of years he has consumed alcohol.
A 24-year-old woman has had several episodes of left lower lobe pneumonia. She has a chronic productive cough with occasional blood-streaked sputum. Physical examination is normal except for rales at the left base. Chest radiograph shows a linear infiltrate in this area. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Mitral stenosis
C. Pulmonary infarction
D. Bronchiectasis
E. Pulmonary tuberculosis
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