Explanation: Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store service that is compatible with open source engines such as Redis and Memcached1. It provides fast and scalable performance for applications that require high throughput and low latency1. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides consistent and single-digit millisecond latency at any scale2. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that provides persistent and durable storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances3. Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service that allows users to run complex analytic queries using SQL4.

Explanation: To maximize sustainability and minimize environmental impact, a company should apply the following design principles to AWS Cloud workloads: maximize utilization of Amazon EC2 instances and reduce the need for users to reinstall applications.

Explanation: Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances are instances that you pay for by the second, with no long-term commitments or upfront payments4. This option is suitable for applications that have unpredictable or intermittent workloads, such as the one described in the question. Amazon EC2 Standard Reserved Instances are instances that you purchase for a one-year or three-year term, and pay a lower hourly rate compared to On-Demand Instances. This option is suitable for applications that have steady state or predictable usage. AWS Wavelength is a service that enables developers to build applications that deliver ultra-low latency to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of the 5G network. This option is not relevant for the application described in the question. Application Load Balancer is a type of load balancer that operates at the application layer and distributes traffic based on the content of the request. This option is not a service or feature to host the application, but rather to balance the traffic among multiple instances.

Explanation: AWS Systems Manager is a service that enables users to centralize and automate the management of their AWS resources. It provides a unified user interface to view operational data, such as inventory, patch compliance, and performance metrics. It also allows users to automate common and repetitive tasks, such as patching, backup, and configuration management, across all of their Amazon EC2 instances1. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides best practices and recommendations to optimize the performance, security, and cost of AWS resources2. AWS CodeDeploy is a service that automates the deployment of code and applications to Amazon EC2 instances or other compute services3. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a service that simplifies the deployment and management of web applications using popular platforms, such as Java, PHP, and Node.js4.

Explanation: AWS customer carbon footprint tool is an AWS service or tool that helps companies measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. It allows users to estimate the carbon emissions associated with their AWS resources and services, such as EC2, S3, and Lambda. It also provides recommendations and best practices to reduce the carbon footprint and improve the sustainability of their AWS workloads4. AWS Compute Optimizer is an AWS service that helps users optimize the performance and cost of their EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups. It provides recommendations for optimal instance types, sizes, and configurations based on the workload characteristics and utilization metrics. It does not help users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. Sustainability pillar is a concept that refers to the ability of a system to operate in an environmentally friendly and socially responsible manner. It is not an AWS service or tool that helps users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. OS-Climate (Open Source Climate Data Commons) is an initiative that aims to provide open source data, tools, and platforms to accelerate climate action and innovation. It is not an AWS service or tool that helps users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage.

Explanation: B and D are correct because AWS availability and security enable customers to improve their SLAs while reducing risk and unplanned downtime1, and AWS reduces IT costs related to infrastructure, allowing customers to reinvest in other areas2. A is incorrect because migrating to the AWS Cloud does not automatically make applications available on mobile devices, as it depends on the application design and compatibility. C is incorrect because companies that migrate to the AWS Cloud still need to plan for high availability and disaster recovery, as AWS is a shared responsibility model3. E is incorrect because migrating to the AWS Cloud does not require companies to rearchitect and rewrite all enterprise applications, as AWS offers different migration strategies depending on the application complexity and business objectives4.

Explanation: The company should deploy the EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones to design a highly available application. Availability Zones are isolated locations within an AWS Region that are engineered to be fault-tolerant and operate independently of each other. By deploying the EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones, the company can ensure that their application can withstand the failure of an entire Availability Zone and continue to operate with minimal disruption. Deploying the EC2 instances across multiple edge locations, VPCs, or AWS accounts will not provide the same level of availability and fault tolerance as Availability Zones. Edge locations are part of the Amazon CloudFront service, which is a content delivery network (CDN) that caches and serves web content to users. VPCs are virtual networks that isolate the AWS resources within an AWS Region. AWS accounts are the primary units of ownership and access control for AWS resources12.

Explanation: The AWS service that is designed to help users orchestrate a workflow process for a set of AWS Lambda functions is AWS Step Functions. AWS Step Functions is a service that helps users coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows that can be triggered by events, such as messages, API calls, or schedules. AWS Step Functions allows users to create and visualize complex workflows that can include branching, parallel execution, error handling, retries, and timeouts. AWS Step Functions can integrate with AWS Lambda to orchestrate a sequence of Lambda functions that perform different tasks or logic. Amazon DynamoDB, AWS CodePipeline, and AWS Batch are not the best services to use for orchestrating a workflow process for a set of AWS Lambda functions. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and consistent performance, scalability, and flexibility. AWS CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that helps users automate the release process of their applications. AWS Batch is a fully managed service that helps users run batch computing workloads on the AWS Cloud.

Explanation: Spot Instances are instances that use spare EC2 capacity that is available for up to 90% off the On-Demand price. Because Spot Instances can be interrupted by EC2 with two minutes of notification when EC2 needs the capacity back, you can use them for applications that have flexible start and end times, or that can withstand interruptions5. This option is most cost-effective for the use case described in the question. Reserved Instances are instances that you purchase for a one-year or three-year term, and pay a lower hourly rate compared to On-Demand Instances. This option is suitable for applications that have steady state or predictable usage. Dedicated Instances are instances that run on hardware that’s dedicated to a single customer within an Amazon VPC. This option is suitable for applications that have stringent regulatory or compliance requirements. On-Demand Instances are instances that you pay for by the second, with no long-term commitments or upfront payments. This option is suitable for applications that have unpredictable or intermittent workloads.

Explanation: AWS Outposts is a fully managed service that extends AWS infrastructure, AWS services, APIs, and tools to virtually any datacenter, co-location space, or onpremises facility for a truly consistent hybrid experience. AWS Outposts enables you to run AWS services in your on-premises data center, which can support the requirement of retaining certain data on-premises due to legal obligations5.

Explanation: AWS Organizations is a service that enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts into an organization that you create and centrally manage. With AWS Organizations, you can apply service control policies (SCPs) across multiple AWS accounts to restrict what services and actions users and roles can access. You can also use AWS Organizations to enable features such as consolidated billing, AWS Config rules and conformance packs, and AWS CloudFormation StackSets across multiple accounts3. One of the benefits of using AWS Organizations is that you can share your Reserved Instances (RIs) with all of the accounts in your organization. This enables you to take advantage of the billing benefits of RIs without having to specify which account will use them4. AWS Systems Manager is a service that gives you visibility and control of your infrastructure on AWS. Cost Explorer is a tool that enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices. None of these services or tools can help you manage the AWS accounts for all the departments so that the departments can share the Reserved Instances.

Explanation: AWS Outposts is an AWS service that extends AWS infrastructure, services, APIs, and tools to virtually any datacenter, co-location space, or on-premises facility. AWS Outposts enables you to run Amazon EC2 instances and other AWS services locally, while maintaining a consistent and seamless connection to the AWS Cloud. AWS Outposts is ideal for workloads that require low latency, local data processing, or data residency. By using AWS Outposts, the company can process personally identifiable information (PII) and keep data in the country where it was generated, while leveraging the benefits of AWS.