Electrophoresis uses an electric field to separate molecules based on differences in net electrical charge. The rate of electrophoretic migration is also dependent on the ionic radius of the molecule, the viscosity of the solution through which it is migrating, the electrical field strength, temperature, and the type of supporting medium used. Electrophoretic separation fundamentally relies on:

A. Size differences of molecules

B. Net charge differences of molecules

C. Concentration differences of molecules

D. Shape variations of molecules

The normal pH of blood is 7.40. In order for most metabolic processes to take place, the pH must remain within a narrow range close to this value. The range is usually defined in adults as 7.35-7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35, the blood becomes too acidic (acidosis). If blood rises above 7.45, the blood is too alkaline (alkalosis).
As blood pH decreases, the kidneys will retain bicarbonate (HCO3-) from the glomerular filtrate; therefore, bicarbonate is increased. However, in this case, the increased HCO3- could not compensate for the markedly elevated pCO2 (the respiratory component) and the condition that results is uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
What condition is indicated by the following blood gas results: Bicarbonate = 32 mmol/L (Normal = 22 - 26 mmol/L); pCO2 = 65 mm Hg (Normal = 35 - 45 mmHg); pH = 7.28 (normal = 7.35 - 7.45)

A. Healthy condition

B. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

C. Compensated metabolic acidosis

D. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

If all newborns were tested, many positive DATs due to ABO incompatibility would be detected that are of no clinical significance.
Although many laboratories test infants born to group O Rh positive females due to the higher risk of ABO HDFN when the mother is group O, testing such infants is optional provided there is appropriate monitoring and follow-up for hyperbilirubinemia.
Blood Bank
Not performing direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) on newborns born to group O Rh positive mothers is acceptable good practice, providing there is appropriate surveillance and followup to detect hyperbilirubinemia.

A. True

B. False

Infection early in the pregnancy is the most dangerous time period for the manifestation of anomalies due to rubella. In fact, defects are rare when infection occurs after 20 weeks gestation.
Immunology
The greatest risk for the manifestation of anomalies in maternal rubella infection during gestation is the:

A. first trimester

B. second trimester

C. third trimester

D. delivery

E. eighth month

The increase in inflammatory cytokines and the abnormal lipids and lipid levels often present in metabolic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin is decreased and increases in angiotensinogen lead to hypertension.
Chemistry
Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiovascular disease and adipose tissue? Please select all correct answers

A. Inflammatory cytokines, synthesized and released by adipose tissue, contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease

B. A state of abnormal lipids and lipid levels found in metabolic syndrome contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease

C. Obesity in metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease by increased synthesis and secretion of adiponectin

D. Increased synthesis and secretion of PAI-1 in metabolic syndrome contributes to cardiovascular disease by increasing blood pressure

The laboratory employee with an 2-year associate degree who performs clinical testing is the:

A. clinical laboratory scientist.

B. medical laboratory technician.

C. phlebotomist.

D. medical technologist.

Angiotensin is an oligopeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and release of aldosterone from the adrenals. A major action of angiotensin II is:

A. Increased pituitary secretion of petressin

B. Increased vasoconstriction

C. Increased parathormone secretion by the parathyroid

D. Decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

The difference between glass and plastic red stopper tubes is that the:

A. glass tubes contain heparin

B. plastic tubes contain a clot activator

C. plastic tubes are recommended for blood bank tests

D. glass tubes cannot be used for serology tests

The part of the microscope that control the amount of light entering the specimen much like the iris of your eye controls light is called the iris _______________.

A. fine adjustment

B. objective

C. condenser

D. diaphragm

Drawing a lavendar stopper tube before an SST tube can cause a falsely:

A. decreased glucose value

B. decreased calcium value

C. increased calcium value

D. increased glucose value

Twelve weeks after onset of the disease, patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis B usually will demonstrate which of the following in their serum?

A. HBsAg

B. Anti-HTLV

C. Anti-HBe

D. Anti-HIV

Thrombocytes, or platelets, are of course involved with hemostasis, not immunity.
Immunology
Which of the following would not be considered a part of the body's cellular immune system:

A. Macrophages

B. Mast cells

C. Neutrophils

D. Thrombocytes