Granulocytes are the most granular population; they have the most side scatter of the cell populations that are listed. Which of these white blood cell populations would have the MOST side scatter when analyzed using flow cytometry?

A. Monocytes

B. Lymphocytes

C. Granulocytes

Lipids tend to form a "maltese cross" pattern when viewed in polarized light, which helps to differentiate them from other urine microscopic components.
Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished by use of polarized microscope are:

A. WBC

B. RBC

C. Casts

D. Lipids

E. Crystals

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute initiated the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in 1985. The goal was to reduce the number of Americans with elevated cholesterol and thus reduce illnesses and deaths in the United States due to coronary heart disease. Three adult treatment panels have been published since then with clinical practice guidelines for managing cholesterol levels in adults.
The most recent panel, Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), was published in 2001 and updated in 2004. The NCEP: ATP III also includes criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
Select the set of laboratory assays that are utilized in the NCEP: ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome diagnosis.

A. LDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C, and fasting blood glucose

B. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, and VLDL

C. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C

D. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C, and VLDL

The Western Blot Assay is used as a confirmatory test for which of the following:

A. HBsAg

B. CMV Antibody

C. Anti-HCV

D. Anti-HIV-1

The lactophenol blue mount reveals tiny, ovoid microconidia, arranged in a daisy-head pattern at the tip of a straight conidiophore. This appearance is characteristic of the mold form of Sporothrix schenckii. By moving the focus up and down in a microscopic preparation, delicate hair-like attachments may be observed for each conidium.
The mold form of Coccidioides immitis produces delicate hyphae that break up into arthroconidia separated by empty cells, giving an alternatively staining appearance.
The mold form of Blastomyces dermatitidis is characterized by the production of single, smooth microconidia, each borne on a single, thin conidiophore ("lollipops").
The mold form of Histoplasma capsulatum is recognized by the production of large, echinulate macroconidia, appearing as a prickly surface.
The ovoid microconidia arranged in a daisy-head pattern at the tip of a a straight conidiophore, observed in the photomicrograph on the right, is characteristic of which of the following dimorphic molds?

A. Sporothrix schenckii

B. Coccidioides immitis

C. Blastomyces dermatitidis

D. Histoplasma capsulatum

Plasma concentrations of creatinine are used to assess renal function. Creatinine clearance is based on the serum creatinine level and is used to measure glomerular filtration rate, or GFR. An increased serum level of which of the following analytes is MOST commonly associated with decreased glomerular filtration?

A. Creatinine

B. Uric acid

C. Urea

D. Ammonia

E. Glucose

When making a platelet concentrate, the proper procedure is to start with a low centrifugation of the whole blood bag. After the plasma is removed, it is centrifuged again at a higher speed to separate the platelet portion from the plasma portion. Blood bank The following steps must be followed in preparation of a platelet concentrate:

A. Whole blood centrifuged at low speed - plasma separated then centrifuged at low speed

B. Whole blood centrifuged at high speed - plasma separated then centrifuged at high speed

C. Whole blood centrifuged at low speed - plasma separated then centrifuged at high speed

D. Whole blood centrifuged at high speed - plasma separated then centrifuged at low speed

Thin-layer chromatography has the advantage of being able to test for a large number of drugs at the same time. Thin-layer chromatography is particularly useful as a tool in the identification of:

A. Steroids

B. Enzymes

C. Drugs

D. Hormones

The deposition of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids on the innermost layer of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries is the defintion of atherosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis is a more general term that describes a thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries (hardening of the arteries). Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis but is not synonymous with it.
Atherosclerosis is not the most common outcome for risk marker studies because it can be hard to measure. Infarcts, cardiac procedures, death, and 'events' are more common. Most humans have visible or measureable atherosclerosis by early middle age.
Chemistry
Which of the following is true concerning atherosclerosis?

A. Atherosclerosis is the same as arteriosclerosis.

B. Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids on the innermost layer of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries.

C. Atherosclerosis is the main outcome that is assessed in risk marker studies.

D. Most humans do not have significant atherosclerosis.

In an alkaline medium, potassium ferricyanide oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Further reaction with potassium cyanide produces cyanmethemoglobin which has a maximum absorbance at 540 nm. Color intensity is proportional to total hemoglobin concentration, which is how the hemoglobin levels are measured.
Hematology
In the hemoglobin methodology using potassium ferricyanide the following measurable reaction occurs:

A. carboxhemoglobin is formed

B. iron remains in the ferrous state

C. ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron to form methemoglobin

D. acid hematin is formed

The body compensates for alkalosis or acidosis of the blood PRIMARILY to regain a normal pH, between 7.35 - 7.45. When the body compensates for a respiratory or metabolic disorder, the MAIN goal is to achieve:

A. correct carbonic acid level, since it is the most important system in the body

B. a normal pH

C. normal p02 and pCo2 for normal respiration

D. correct bicarbonate level, since it is the most important system in the body

Small, dense LDL is most likely to interact with arterial walls, leading to deposition of cholesterol, and initiating or worsening atherosclerosis. Small, dense LDL is associated with more than a three-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease.
Large, buoyant LDL is less atherogenic than small, dense LDL.
The LDL phenotype A is normal. It is the so called 'B' pattern that is associated with increased risk.
Which of the following is most likely to interact with arterial walls, leading to deposition of cholesterol, and initiating or worsening atherosclerosis?

A. Large buoyant LDL

B. Small dense LDL

C. LDL phenotype 'A'