A customer celled with a requirement that internal clients must be on different subnets depending on the building they are in, AH access points are operating in local mode and will not be modified, and this is a single controller solution. Which design approach creates the desired result?
A. Create an SSID, place it to the desired VLAN under WLANs, and configure 802 lx in ISE to assign the correct VLAN based on the SSID from which the client is authenticating.
B. Create FlexConnecI groups, place the access points in. and sat the correct VLAN to SSID mapping based on location.
C. Create AP groups for each desired location, map the correct VLANs to the internal SSID, and add the access points for that location.
D. Create mobility anchors for the SSID, and on the controller under the internal SSID. create a foreign map to the desired VLAN based on location.
Explanation:
Why Option C is Correct:
AP Groups are the standard method to assign VLANs based on AP physical location in a single-controller deployment.
Steps:
Create an AP Group per building (e.g., "Building-A").
Map the SSID to the building-specific VLAN in the group.
Assign APs to their respective groups.
Reference: Cisco AP Groups Configuration.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A) 802.1X VLAN assignment:
Requires ISE/AAA and overcomplicates the design (client-based, not AP-location-based).
B) FlexConnect groups:
Only relevant for local switching (APs in FlexConnect mode). The scenario specifies Local Mode.
D) Mobility anchors:
Used for guest tunneling (not internal VLAN segmentation).
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
AP Groups (C) are the simplest and most scalable solution for location-based VLANs.
Avoid FlexConnect (B) unless APs operate in FlexConnect mode.
An engineer must perform a Layer 2 survey for a mining facility. Which type of antenna does the engineer use in the mine shaft?
A. omnidirectional
B. patch
C. internal
D. dipole
Explanation:
Why Option B is Correct:
Patch antennas are ideal for mine shafts because:
Directional focus: Concentrates signal along the tunnel axis, minimizing reflections off walls.
Better penetration: Handles multipath interference in confined, metallic environments.
Reference: Cisco Industrial Antenna Guide.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A) Omnidirectional:
Wastes energy radiating into walls (causing reflections/signal loss).
C) Internal:
Refers to built-in AP antennas, which are typically omnidirectional.
D) Dipole:
Omnidirectional and less efficient in tunnels.
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
Patch antennas (B) are best for tunnels/mines (directional + reduced multipath).
Avoid omnidirectional (A/D) in narrow, reflective spaces.
During a wireless network design, a customer requires wireless coverage on the perimeter of a building but also wants to minimize signal leakage from the wireless network. Which antenna should be used to accomplish this design?
A. Patch
B. Dipole
C. Monopole
D. Omnidirectional
Explanation:
Why Option A is Correct:
Patch antennas are directional, focusing RF energy toward the building perimeter while minimizing signal leakage outward.
Key benefits:
Controlled coverage: Limits spillover to unintended areas.
High front-to-back ratio: Reduces rear/side radiation.
Reference: Cisco Antenna Patterns Guide.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B) Dipole / D) Omnidirectional:
Radiate equally in all directions, causing excessive signal leakage.
C) Monopole:
Similar to dipole (omnidirectional) but ground-plane-dependent—still leaks signal.
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
Patch antennas (A) are ideal for perimeter coverage + leakage control.
Avoid omnidirectional antennas (B/C/D) for this use case.
An engineer is designing a network deployment for a technology company. The company has four buildings with access points that must provide seamless wireless coverage and client roaming. The customer data center must have two WLCs and the core switches for the network. Which type of wireless architecture must be used?
A. cloud
B. centralized
C. autonomous
D. distributed
Explanation:
Why Option B is Correct:
Centralized architecture is the best fit because:
Two WLCs in the data center manage all APs across four buildings, ensuring seamless roaming (mobility groups).
APs operate in lightweight mode (CAPWAP), with all traffic tunneled to the central controllers.
Core switches handle inter-building traffic, aligning with centralized WLC placement.
Reference: Cisco Centralized Wireless LAN Design Guide.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A) Cloud:
Uses cloud-managed controllers (e.g., Meraki), not on-premises WLCs in a data center.
C) Autonomous:
APs operate independently (no central controller), making roaming inefficient.
D) Distributed:
Requires WLCs in each building, contradicting the "two WLCs in data center" requirement.
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
Centralized (B) = Controllers in data center + APs in lightweight mode.
Distributed (D) = Controllers per building (e.g., campus designs).
Cloud (A) = No on-prem controllers.
An engineer must assess an existing company WLAN to determine the possibility for future IEEE 802.11ac Wave 2 wireless deployment. The existing WLAN is IEEE 802.11a/n and has IEEE 802.11n and 802. 11a clients. The engineer must advise the customer about support for these older clients on the new APs. What happens with client compatibility?
A. 802.11ac is backward compatible with 802.11n but not with 802.11a.
B. 802.11ac is backward compatible with 802.11a but not with 802.11n.
C. 802.11ac is backward compatible with 802.11a and 802.11n.
D. 802.11ac is not backward compatible with 802.11a or 802.11n.
Explanation:
Why Option C is Correct:
802.11ac Wave 2 operates only in the 5 GHz band but maintains backward compatibility with:
802.11a (5 GHz OFDM).
802.11n (5 GHz MIMO).
Older clients can connect but will not leverage 802.11ac benefits (e.g., wider channels, MU-MIMO).
Reference: IEEE 802.11ac Standard.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A/B) Incorrectly claim partial compatibility (802.11ac supports both 802.11a/n).
D) False—802.11ac does support legacy 5 GHz clients.
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
802.11ac = 5 GHz only, backward compatible with a/n.
802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) extends this to 2.4 GHz.
An engineer is trying to configure the APs installed in a new auditorium to use 40 MHz channels with high data rates and lower TX power. The APs in the building hallway must use lower-density design settings configured for the rest of the building. Which two configurations achieve this design? (Choose two.)
A. TPC
B. DCA
C. RRM
D. RF protocol
Explanation:
Why These Options Are Correct:
A) TPC:
Dynamically adjusts TX power to meet coverage needs.
In the auditorium, lower TX power prevents overlap with hallway APs
.
Reference: Cisco TPC Configuration.
C) RRM:
Automates channel width (e.g., 40 MHz in auditorium) and data rate settings.
Ensures high-density optimizations (auditorium) don’t conflict with low-density areas (hallways).
Reference: Cisco RRM Design Guide.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B) DCA (Dynamic Channel Assignment):
Part of RRM but only handles channel selection, not power/width.
D) RF Protocol:
Generic term (not a configurable feature).
Key Takeaways for 300-425 Exam:
TPC (A) for power control.
RRM (C) for channel width/data rates.
Combine both for high-density/low-density coexistence.
An enterprise is using the wireless network as the main network connection for corporate users and guests. To wireless network availability. Two Standalone controllers are installed in the head office. APs are connected to the controllers using a round-robin approach to load balance the traffic. After a power cut, the wireless clients disconnect while roaming. An engineer tried eping from the controller but faits. Which protocol needs to be allowed between the networks that the controllers are installed?
A. IP Protocol 67
B. IP Protocol 77
C. IP Protocol 87
D. IP Protocol 97
Explanation:
Why B is Correct?
IP Protocol 77 is reserved for CAPWAP (Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points), the protocol used for communication between wireless controllers and access points (APs) in Cisco wireless networks.
After a power outage, APs must re-establish CAPWAP tunnels to the controllers. If this protocol is blocked, APs cannot reconnect, causing client disconnections during roaming.
Reference: RFC 5415 (CAPWAP Protocol).
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
A. IP Protocol 67: Used for DHCP/Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)—irrelevant to AP-controller communication.
C. IP Protocol 87: Reserved for experimental use—not related to wireless networks.
D. IP Protocol 97: Used for EtherIP (Ethernet over IP tunneling)—unrelated to CAPWAP.
Key Troubleshooting Steps:
Verify CAPWAP Connectivity:
Ensure firewalls between controllers and APs allow IP Protocol 77 and UDP ports 5246 (control) and 5247 (data).
Check Controller Redundancy:
Confirm both controllers are reachable via CAPWAP after power restoration.
Reference:
Cisco CAPWAP Configuration Guide.
Final Note:
B (Protocol 77) is mandatory for AP-controller communication. Options A/C/D are unrelated to this scenario. Always audit firewall rules post-outage.
A customer has restricted the AP and antenna combinations for a design to be limited to one model integrated antenna AP for carpeted spaces and one model external antenna AP with high gain antennas for industrial, maintenance, or storage areas. When moving between a carpeted area to an industrial area, the engineer forgets to change survey devices and surveys several APs. Which strategy will reduce the negative impact of the design?
A. Resurvey and adjust the design.
B. Deploy unsurveyed access points to the design.
C. Deploy the specified access points per area type.
D. Increase the Tx power on incorrectly surveyed access points.
Explanation:
Why A is Correct?
Resurveying and adjusting the design ensures that the correct AP and antenna combinations are used for each area type (carpeted vs. industrial).
This approach maintains RF consistency, coverage, and performance by aligning the survey with the actual deployment requirements.
Reference: Cisco Wireless Design Best Practices.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
B. Deploy unsurveyed APs: Leads to poor coverage, interference, and performance issues since the survey data does not match the actual environment.
C. Deploy specified APs per area type without resurvey: While this follows the hardware plan, it ignores the incorrect survey data, which may result in suboptimal placement or coverage gaps.
D. Increase Tx power on incorrectly surveyed APs: This can cause coverage overlap, interference, and violate power regulations, worsening the design.
Key Steps to Mitigate the Issue:
Reconduct the survey using the correct AP/antenna combinations for each area.
Validate coverage with tools like Ekahau or Cisco Prime.
Adjust AP placement and power settings based on the new survey data.
Reference:
CWNP (Certified Wireless Network Professional) Guidelines: Emphasizes the importance of accurate surveys for RF design.
Final Note:
A is the only proactive solution. Options B/C/D either ignore the problem or introduce new risks. Always align surveys with deployment hardware.
An engineer is performing an active survey of a network that must support different types of mobile devices. The devices must be able to run an application that requires a minimum RF of 73 dBm. Which mobile device must be used for the survey?
A. one that has a receiver sensitivity of -70 dBm
B. one that has the lowest receiver sensitivity
C. one that has the most updated wireless card
D. one that has 802.11a wireless support
Explanation:
Why B is Correct?
Receiver sensitivity measures a device’s ability to detect weak signals (lower values = better performance).
The application requires a minimum received signal strength (RSSI) of -73 dBm. To ensure reliable coverage, the survey device must match or exceed the worst-case client sensitivity.
Using a device with the lowest (most negative) sensitivity (e.g., -90 dBm) ensures the survey accounts for all client types, including weaker ones.
Reference: CWNP Guide to Receiver Sensitivity.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
C. Most updated wireless card: Irrelevant—sensitivity is hardware-dependent, not driver-dependent.
D. 802.11a support: Outdated (5 GHz-only) and unrelated to sensitivity.
Key Survey Principle:
Design for the weakest client: Survey with a device that has equal or worse sensitivity than the target devices to guarantee universal coverage.
Reference:
IEEE 802.11 Standard: Defines receiver sensitivity thresholds for client devices.
Final Note:
B ensures the survey meets the application’s -73dBm requirement. Options A/C/D risk under-designing coverage. Always test with the least capable client.
An engineer must produce a passive survey report. The coverage heat map shows the entire site with all signal levels. To see only the desired coverage, which action must the engineer take?
A. Change the color scheme to show the desired heat map.
B. Use the RSSI calibration tool to configure the receiver sensitivity.
C. Use the RSSI slider to set the heat map to the desired cutoff ¬lter.
D. Filter the results to show the desired APs only.
Explanation:
Why C is Correct?
The RSSI slider in survey tools (e.g., Ekahau, AirMagnet) allows the engineer to dynamically adjust the displayed signal strength range on the heatmap.
By setting a cutoff filter (e.g., -67 dBm), the heatmap will only show areas meeting or exceeding that RSSI, highlighting valid coverage zones and hiding weaker/noisy signals.
This directly addresses the requirement to visualize only the desired coverage.
Reference: Ekahau Heatmap Documentation.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
A. Changing the color scheme: Only alters visualization aesthetics—does not filter out undesired signal levels.
B. RSSI calibration tool: Adjusts device sensitivity during data collection, not post-survey heatmap filtering.
D. Filtering APs: Shows/hides specific APs but does not isolate coverage by signal strength.
Steps to Achieve Desired Coverage Visualization:
Open the survey tool’s heatmap view.
Locate the RSSI slider (often labeled "Signal Strength Range").
Set the minimum cutoff (e.g., -70 dBm) to hide weaker signals.
Reference:
CWNP Passive Survey Best Practices: Recommends RSSI filtering for actionable coverage reports.
Final Note:
C is the only method to isolate desired coverage. Options A/B/D are either cosmetic or unrelated to signal strength filtering. Always validate coverage against design thresholds.
During a wireless design all APs are mapped to designated controllers in case of a failure. The controllers are located in the same data center but in different racks. An AP failed over to a controller that was not defined on its High Availability tab. The customer does not want the AP to move back to its defined Cisco WLCs until they manually intervene. What needs to be addressed in the design?
A. Set AP fallback to enabled.
B. Set AP fallback to disabled.
C. Change the HA SKU secondary unit option.
D. Change the default mobility domain.
Explanation:
Why B is Correct?
AP Fallback determines whether an AP automatically returns to its primary controller after a failover event.
The customer wants manual intervention before the AP reverts to its designated controller, so disabling fallback is required.
This ensures the AP stays on the backup controller until administrators manually reassign it.
Reference: Cisco WLC AP Fallback Configuration.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
A. Set AP fallback to enabled: Would cause the AP to automatically return to its primary controller, violating the customer’s requirement.
C. Change the HA SKU secondary unit option: Irrelevant—this relates to controller redundancy licensing, not AP behavior.
D. Change the default mobility domain: Affects roaming between controllers but does not control AP fallback.
Steps to Implement:
Access the Cisco WLC CLI or GUI.
Navigate to Wireless > Access Points > High Availability.
Reference:
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide, Release 8.5: Details AP fallback behavior.
Final Note:
B is the only solution meeting the customer’s requirement. Options A/C/D either conflict with the goal or address unrelated features. Always verify post-configuration AP behavior.
A network engineer is retorting an existing building wired with Category 5e with Cisco Aironet 3800 Series APs and mGig switches. Which cable length allows for 5G operation?
A. 70 m
B. 120 m
C. 130 m
D. 150 m
Explanation:
Why A is Correct?
Category 5e (Cat5e) cable supports 5Gbps (mGig) speeds but only up to 100 meters (328 ft) for 1Gbps Ethernet (802.3ab).
For 5Gbps (802.3bz), the maximum reliable distance is reduced to ~70 meters due to higher frequency signal attenuation.
The Cisco Aironet 3800 Series APs with mGig switches require this shorter distance for stable 5G operation.
Reference: IEEE 802.3bz Standard (5Gbps over Cat5e).
Why Other Options Are Incorrect?
B. 120 m / C. 130 m / D. 150 m: Exceed the 5Gbps limit for Cat5e, risking signal degradation, packet loss, or link failure.
Key Considerations:
For 5Gbps mGig:
Cat5e max = ~70 m (5Gbps)
Cat6 max = 100 m (5Gbps)
For 1Gbps: Cat5e supports 100 m.
Reference:
Cisco Aironet 3800 Deployment Guide: Recommends Cat6 for mGig but notes Cat5e limits.
Final Note:
A (70 m) is the only safe choice for 5G over Cat5e. Longer distances (B/C/D) risk performance drops. Always validate cable quality with testing.
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