Explanation: According to the NIST Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, the next step in handling an event after confirming a potential indicator of compromise on an endpoint is to collect public information on the malware behavior. This step involves searching for information from various sources, such as antivirus vendors, security blogs, threat intelligence feeds, and online forums, to learn more about the characteristics, capabilities, and impact of the malware. This information can help the SOC team to identify the type, severity, and scope of the incident, as well as to determine the appropriate response actions and mitigation strategies. Isolating the infected endpoint, performing forensics analysis, and prioritizing incident handling are subsequent steps that follow after collecting public information on the malware behavior.

Explanation: The PCAP file shows a network packet capture of an HTTP GET request from a client to a server. The User-Agent header field identifies the type and version of the client software that generated the request. In this case, the User-Agent is Mozilla/5.0, which indicates that the client is using a Mozilla-based browser or application. The User- Agent can help the server to customize the response based on the client’s capabilities and preferences.

Explanation: Digital certificates are essential for decrypting ingress and egress perimeter traffic, as they provide the necessary encryption keys for secure communications. By using digital certificates, network security devices can inspect the decrypted traffic to detect any malicious outbound communications that may indicate command-and-control activity.

Explanation: Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC) provides features like metrics collection and exporting (D) for visibility on TCP bandwidth usage, response time, and latency. Application recognition (E) combined with deep packet inspection helps in identifying unknown software by its network traffic flow.

Explanation: SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) systems are designed to collect, correlate, and analyze security event data from various sources to provide insights into potential security issues. They raise alerts when detecting suspicious activities. SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) systems, on the other hand, focus on automating and orchestrating incident response processes. They automate investigation path workflows and reduce the time spent on alerts by executing predefined actions and workflows in response to security events or incidents. References: The differences between SIEM and SOAR are highlighted in various cybersecurity resources, including those provided by Palo Alto Networks and Exabeam, which explain that while SIEM primarily focuses on collecting and analyzing security event data, SOAR extends these capabilities through automation, orchestration, and predefined incident response playbooks.

Explanation: The packet capture shows that IP address 192.168.88.149, using source port 80 (common for HTTP traffic), initiated communication with IP address 192.168.88.12 at destination port 49098, using the TCP protocol, indicating a typical client-server interaction over the web.
:= These explanations are based on general cybersecurity principles as outlined in Cisco’s training and certification content, such as the Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals (CBROPS) and other related Cisco resources.

Explanation: A regular expression (regex) is a sequence of characters that defines a search pattern for text. A regex can be used to extract custom properties from log messages or events in a SIEM platform. In this case, the regex that matches the phrase “File: Clean” exactly is ^File: Clean$. The ^ symbol indicates the beginning of the line and the $ symbol indicates the end of the line. The regex ensures that no other characters are before or after the phrase.

Explanation:

• The exhibit shows an HTTP GET request with a parameter that includes ; /bin/sh - c id.
• This indicates a command injection attempt, where the attacker is trying to execute shell commands on the server.
• Command injection vulnerabilities allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host operating system via a vulnerable application.
• The use of /bin/sh and the -c flag is typical in command injection exploits to run shell commands, such as id, which returns user identity information.

Explanation: The log in the exhibit is generated by an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It contains information about a TCP connection attempt, including the source IP address, destination IP address, and other details related to the connection. The presence of “TCP MISS” indicates that the system detected an anomaly or potential threat during the connection attempt.

Explanation: An attack surface is the sum of all the points where an attacker can try to enter or extract data from an environment. It includes all the hardware, software, network, and human components that are exposed to potential threats. An attack vector is the path or means by which an attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the attack surface. It describes the type, source, and technique of an attack, such as phishing, malware, denial-of-service, etc.